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1) In India, coal occurs in rock form in two geological ages namely, Gondwana where 200 million years of age coal is found and in tertiary deposits where only about 55 million years old coal is available 2) The major resources of Gondwana coal are metallurgical coal and they are located mainly in Damodar Valley.
The Tertiary coal is also known as the ''brown coal''. The Tertiary coal contributes only about two per cent of the total coal production of the country. It is an inferior type of coal in which the carbon varies between 30 per cent in Gujarat and Rajasthan to 50 per cent in Assam.
#0183;#32;Tertiary coal is the lignite coal. Lignite also occurs in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Gujarat and Jammu and Kashmir. The coal is of inferior quality with around 30 to 50% carbon. Indias largest ignite deposits are at Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.
Coal deposits and mines in India India has a long history of commercial coal mining, It started off during the East India Company days when British found coal in the Raniganj Coalfield along the river Damodar. At the time the demand was not that high, but it grew with the introduction of steam locomotives in 1853.
Distribution of Coal in India: Gondwana Coalfields amp; Tertiary
Gondwana Coalfield : These coalfields are older than tertiary coalfields. These r located in the eastern states of India I. e., West Bengal, Jharkand, Jharia, etc. The Godavari, Manadi and Son Valley also have coal deposits.
The coal deposits of Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and JammuKashmir belong to this category.
Tertiary coal (lignite) in India Palana, Bikaner (Nagaur basin) Palana coalfield in palana formation of Bikaner Nagaur basin is rich in lignite. The age of formation is Paleocene.
The Damuda series ( Lower Gondwana) possesses the best worked coalfields accounting for 80 per cent of the total coal production in India. 80 out of 113 Indian coalfields are located in the rock systems of the Damuda series [ lower Gondwana Age].
The Tertiary coal deposits in the NE region of India occur in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, and Meghalaya (Fig. 1a) which enclose 67 individual coal deposits (Mishra and Ghosh, 1996). The chemical and petrographic characteristics of
According to Balasubramanian (2017) and others (Wadia 1961(Wadia, 1976, all kinds of rock masses, mineral deposits, mineral fuels including coal and oil resources occur in India.
Indian lignite deposits occur in the Tertiary sediments in the southern and western parts of peninsular shield particularly in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Kerala, Gujarat amp; Rajasthan and also in Jammu amp; Kashmir.
Tertiary Coal Tertiary coal 15 to 60 million years old. Carbon content is very low. Mainly confined to the extra#173;Peninsula [Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh etc.] Coal generally has low carbon and high percentage of moisture and Sulphur.[It takes few hundred million years for the carbon content to improve].
The geology of India is diverse. Different regions of India contain rocks belonging to different geologic periods, dating as far back as the Eoarchean of the rocks are very deformed and deposits include recently deposited alluvium that has yet to undergo diagenesis. Mineral deposits of great variety are found in the Indian subcontinent in huge quantity.
In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. Gondwana Coal: 1) The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West BengalJharkhand).
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